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備考普通專升本:英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018/02/02 15:38:04 來(lái)源:易學(xué)仕專升本網(wǎng) 閱讀量:4317

摘要:獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)只是一個(gè)小短語(yǔ),而不是主謂完整的簡(jiǎn)單句,又稱之為獨(dú)立分詞構(gòu)句。當(dāng)分詞意義上的主語(yǔ)不是主句的主語(yǔ)時(shí),必須在分詞前保留意義上的主語(yǔ),否則語(yǔ)意不通。 1. 獨(dú)立主結(jié)構(gòu)形式可用以表時(shí)間,理由,條件,伴隨狀態(tài)等。 He lay on t

    獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)只是一個(gè)小短語(yǔ),而不是主謂完整的簡(jiǎn)單句,又稱之為獨(dú)立分詞構(gòu)句。當(dāng)分詞意義上的主語(yǔ)不是主句的主語(yǔ)時(shí),必須在分詞前保留意義上的主語(yǔ),否則語(yǔ)意不通。
 
    1. 獨(dú)立主結(jié)構(gòu)形式可用以表時(shí)間,理由,條件,伴隨狀態(tài)等。
    He lay on the grass, the sun shining upon him.
    = He lay on the grass, and the sun was shining upon him.
    Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.
    = If weather permits, I'll start tomorrow.
    School being over, the boys went home.
    = When school was over, the boys went home.
    The sun having set, we arrived at the station.
    = After the sun had set, we arrived at the station.
    重點(diǎn):當(dāng)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)表示“一般人”,如:we, one, you時(shí),主語(yǔ)可省略,此用法常用于下列表達(dá)方式中:generally speaking 一般來(lái)說(shuō)strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地-talking of ... 談到-speaking of ... 說(shuō)到j(luò)udging from ... 由……來(lái)判斷taking all things into consideration 把一切都考慮在內(nèi)considering ... 考慮到……
    [示例]If we judge from his face, he must be ill.
    = Judging from his face, he must be ill.
    He has lots of books if we consider that he is young.
    = He has lots of books, considering that he is young.
    2.with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式之一。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)(表示原因,方式,伴隨等)和定語(yǔ),作定語(yǔ)時(shí)緊隨被修飾名詞后。
    (1) with+ 名詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ)
    The woman with a baby on her back is my sister.
    The boy rushed into the room, with his schoolbag in his hand.
    (2) with + 名詞 + adj.
    with the door open, he left the classroom.
    (3) with + 名詞 + adv.
    With the gloves off, she felt cold.
    With the lights on, the building looks beautiful.
    (4) with + 名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞(主動(dòng))   with + 名詞 + 過去分詞(被動(dòng))
    With the guide leading us, we got to the village.
    The boy was crying with the vase broken.
    (5) with + 名詞 + 不定式
    With the hard work to be done, we have to prepare for it.

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